Cod Liver Oil Market Size, Share, Growth, and Industry Analysis, By Types (Liquid, Capsules, Tablets and Soft gels, Powder), By Applications Covered (Oline, Supermarkets & Hypermarkets, Specialty Stores, Others) and Regional Forecast to 2033

Cod Liver Oil Market Size

The Global Cod Liver Oil Market was valued at USD 69.98 million in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 72.7 million by 2025, growing to USD 97.8 million by 2033 at a CAGR of 3.78% during the forecast period (2025–2033).

The U.S. Cod Liver Oil Market is expected to grow gradually, driven by increasing consumer awareness of health benefits, rising demand for nutritional supplements, and the growing trend toward natural and organic products.

The cod liver oil market caters to the growing global demand for high-quality nutritional supplements rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, and vitamin D. Extracted from the liver of codfish, this oil is widely recognized for its benefits in supporting heart health, bone strength, and immune function. The market spans diverse applications, including dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed. Rising awareness about preventive healthcare and increasing adoption of natural supplements drive market growth. Additionally, innovations in extraction techniques and product formulations, such as flavored and encapsulated variants, enhance consumer appeal and expand market penetration.

Cod Liver Oil Market Trends

The cod liver oil market is witnessing significant growth due to rising consumer awareness about the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Cod liver oil is a preferred supplement in regions with high incidences of vitamin D deficiency, impacting nearly 1 billion people worldwide. This deficiency, linked to osteoporosis and immune dysfunction, has increased demand for vitamin D-rich products like cod liver oil.

The growing trend of preventive healthcare has boosted cod liver oil's popularity among health-conscious consumers. Encapsulated cod liver oil, representing over 40% of product sales, has emerged as a preferred format due to its convenience and extended shelf life. Flavored variants are also gaining traction, addressing taste-related consumer concerns.

Pharmaceutical applications of cod liver oil are expanding, particularly in treating joint inflammation and cardiovascular conditions. The pet food industry is another growing segment, utilizing cod liver oil for its anti-inflammatory properties and contribution to shiny coats in animals.

Geographically, North America and Europe dominate the market due to high health awareness and established supplement industries. Asia-Pacific is an emerging market, driven by increasing disposable incomes and awareness of nutritional deficiencies. Sustainable fishing practices and traceable sourcing are also key trends influencing consumer preferences.

Cod Liver Oil Market Dynamics

Drivers of Market Growth

"Growing awareness of nutritional deficiencies and preventive healthcare."

The increasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, affecting 1 in 7 adults globally, is a significant driver of the cod liver oil market. Cod liver oil’s rich content of vitamins A and D, combined with omega-3 fatty acids, makes it a preferred supplement for addressing deficiencies. Rising consumer awareness of the link between nutrition and chronic disease prevention also boosts demand. Additionally, the global shift toward natural and organic products aligns with the cod liver oil market, as it is perceived as a safe and natural source of essential nutrients, appealing to health-conscious individuals worldwide.

Market Restraints

"High cost and sourcing challenges."

The high cost of quality cod liver oil, often ranging from $15 to $50 per bottle for premium variants, limits accessibility for price-sensitive consumers. The dependence on sustainable fishing practices and traceable sourcing to maintain product quality adds to production costs. Additionally, the availability of alternative omega-3 supplements, such as flaxseed oil and algae-based options, creates competition. Some consumers also avoid cod liver oil due to its strong taste and odor, despite the availability of flavored variants. Regulatory scrutiny in dietary supplement markets further complicates product approval and distribution, restraining market growth.

Market Opportunities

"Expansion in emerging markets and diverse applications."

The cod liver oil market holds substantial growth potential in emerging markets like Asia-Pacific and Latin America, where rising disposable incomes and awareness of nutritional deficiencies drive demand. Incorporation of cod liver oil into functional foods and beverages represents a lucrative opportunity, catering to consumers seeking convenient nutrition. The pet food industry is another untapped area, leveraging cod liver oil’s benefits for animal health. Innovations in encapsulation technology and product formulations, such as gummies and soft gels, enhance consumer appeal. Additionally, partnerships with sustainable fisheries to ensure ethical sourcing present opportunities for brand differentiation and market expansion.

Market Challenges

"Sustainability and supply chain concerns."

The cod liver oil market faces challenges related to sustainable sourcing and environmental regulations. Overfishing and unsustainable practices threaten the cod population, leading to stricter fishing quotas and increased scrutiny on suppliers. These factors disrupt supply chains and raise production costs. Additionally, maintaining product quality during processing and transportation is challenging, as cod liver oil is highly susceptible to oxidation, which affects its nutritional value. Ensuring traceability and adhering to global sustainability certifications, such as MSC (Marine Stewardship Council), adds complexity and cost to operations, making it harder for smaller manufacturers to compete effectively in the market.

Segmentation Analysis

The cod liver oil market is segmented by type and application, catering to varied consumer preferences and distribution channels. By type, the market includes liquid, capsules, tablets, and soft gels, and powder forms, offering versatility for diverse consumption needs. Liquid cod liver oil is popular among traditional users, while capsules and soft gels dominate the modern supplement market due to convenience. By application, the market spans online platforms, supermarkets & hypermarkets, specialty stores, and others like pharmacies. Online platforms are emerging as a major distribution channel, driven by the global e-commerce boom, while supermarkets and specialty stores remain strong in retail markets.

By Type

•  

  Liquid Cod Liver Oil: Liquid cod liver oil remains a popular choice, particularly among traditional consumers who prioritize purity and direct intake. It accounts for approximately 30% of the market, especially in regions like Europe, where liquid supplements are favored. Liquid formulations are widely used in pediatric and elderly populations, making them a preferred option for families. However, the strong taste and odor are deterrents for some consumers, leading manufacturers to introduce flavored variants. Liquid cod liver oil is also preferred for pets and livestock, contributing to its demand in the animal health segment. Its direct application in recipes and functional foods further supports growth.

•  

  Capsules, Tablets, and Soft Gels: Capsules, tablets, and soft gels dominate the market, accounting for over 50% of global sales. These formats are favored for their convenience, precise dosage, and extended shelf life. Soft gels, in particular, are popular for encapsulating cod liver oil, minimizing odor and taste issues. Consumers in North America and Asia-Pacific prefer these forms due to their portability and ease of use. Soft gels are also increasingly marketed with additional nutrients, such as vitamin E, to enhance antioxidant properties. This segment benefits from advancements in encapsulation technology, which ensures freshness and stability, driving sustained demand across various demographics.

•  

  Powder Cod Liver Oil: Powdered cod liver oil is a niche but growing segment, used in functional foods, beverages, and animal feed. It accounts for approximately 20% of the market and is particularly popular in industrial applications. Powdered formulations are preferred by manufacturers for their versatility and ease of incorporation into products like protein shakes and nutritional bars. The pet food industry also utilizes cod liver oil powder for its anti-inflammatory and coat-enhancing properties. While the segment is smaller compared to liquid and soft gels, its potential in the functional food industry and emerging markets positions it for steady growth.

By Application

•  

  Online Platforms: Online platforms are rapidly gaining traction, accounting for approximately 40% of cod liver oil sales. The global e-commerce boom, driven by convenience and wider accessibility, supports this trend. Consumers increasingly rely on online retailers like Amazon and health-specific platforms for purchasing supplements. Discounts, subscription models, and detailed product descriptions enhance the online shopping experience. Regions like Asia-Pacific see significant growth in online sales due to the increasing penetration of smartphones and digital payment systems. Additionally, online platforms facilitate global reach for manufacturers, allowing smaller brands to compete with established players in reaching health-conscious consumers worldwide.

•  

  Supermarkets & Hypermarkets: Supermarkets and hypermarkets remain significant distribution channels, contributing to around 30% of cod liver oil sales. Retail giants like Walmart and Carrefour provide wide visibility and convenience for consumers seeking health supplements. The availability of multiple brands and competitive pricing attracts a diverse customer base. Supermarkets also offer in-store promotions and bundled deals, boosting sales. This channel is particularly strong in North America and Europe, where consumers prefer physical stores for supplement purchases. The growing trend of in-store health sections, featuring dedicated spaces for natural supplements, further supports the sales of cod liver oil in this segment.

•  

  Specialty Stores: Specialty stores account for approximately 20% of the market, serving consumers seeking expert advice and premium products. Health and wellness stores like GNC and The Vitamin Shoppe offer curated selections of cod liver oil, appealing to fitness enthusiasts and health-conscious shoppers. Specialty stores often carry premium brands and organic variants, catering to niche markets. These stores are particularly popular in urban areas, where personalized service and knowledgeable staff attract a loyal customer base. While this segment faces competition from online platforms, its focus on quality and exclusivity ensures continued relevance in the cod liver oil market.

•  

  Others: Other distribution channels, including pharmacies and direct sales, contribute around 10% of cod liver oil sales. Pharmacies are a preferred choice for consumers seeking trusted health advice, particularly for therapeutic applications of cod liver oil. Direct sales, including door-to-door marketing and multi-level marketing (MLM) networks, cater to niche customer bases and promote brand loyalty. The animal health industry also utilizes direct sales for cod liver oil formulations targeting pets and livestock. These alternative channels, while smaller in scale, play a crucial role in reaching underserved markets and specific customer segments, ensuring widespread availability of cod liver oil products.

Cod Liver Oil Market Regional Outlook

The cod liver oil market exhibits regional variations driven by differences in health awareness, dietary habits, and economic conditions. North America leads the market due to high health awareness and established supplement industries. Europe follows, emphasizing natural and preventive healthcare practices. Asia-Pacific is an emerging market fueled by rising disposable incomes and growing awareness of nutritional deficiencies. The Middle East & Africa region, while smaller, is experiencing growth due to increasing healthcare investments and a rising focus on dietary supplements. Regional dynamics are shaped by consumer preferences, distribution networks, and government initiatives promoting health and wellness.

North America

North America holds over 35% of the global cod liver oil market share, driven by high consumer awareness of omega-3 benefits. The U.S. is the largest contributor, with cod liver oil products widely available in health stores, supermarkets, and online platforms. Rising cases of vitamin D deficiency, affecting approximately 42% of the population, boost demand for cod liver oil supplements. Canada’s preference for natural and organic supplements further supports regional growth. The increasing use of cod liver oil in pet food and functional foods also drives demand, with manufacturers introducing innovative products to cater to the health-conscious consumer base.

Europe

Europe accounts for around 30% of the global cod liver oil market, driven by a strong culture of preventive healthcare. Scandinavian countries, where cod liver oil consumption is traditional, are key markets. The U.K. and Germany are prominent consumers, with a growing preference for organic and sustainably sourced supplements. Over 60% of European consumers actively seek supplements for immune health, aligning with the benefits of cod liver oil. The region’s focus on eco-friendly practices supports sustainably sourced cod liver oil, with certifications like MSC gaining prominence. Europe’s aging population further drives demand, as seniors prioritize bone and heart health.

Asia-Pacific

Asia-Pacific represents approximately 25% of the cod liver oil market, with significant growth potential in countries like China, India, and Japan. Rising health awareness and increasing disposable incomes are key drivers. China, with a growing middle-class population, is a major consumer of cod liver oil, particularly in capsule and soft gel forms. India’s focus on improving nutrition in rural areas also supports market growth. Japan’s aging population contributes to demand, with cod liver oil recognized for its benefits in joint health and immunity. The region’s e-commerce boom facilitates access to a wide range of cod liver oil products.

Middle East & Africa

The Middle East & Africa contribute around 10% to the global cod liver oil market. The UAE and Saudi Arabia are leading markets in the Middle East, driven by growing awareness of nutritional deficiencies and increasing investments in healthcare. South Africa leads in Africa, with cod liver oil gaining traction for its affordability and accessibility in combating malnutrition. Rising government initiatives to promote health and wellness also support market growth. Cod liver oil is increasingly used in animal nutrition across the region, particularly for livestock, reflecting its versatility and growing importance in both human and animal health sectors.

LIST OF KEY Cod Liver Oil Market COMPANIES PROFILED

• • Barlean’s Organic Oils LLC

• • Bronson Labs

• • Procter and Gamble Co.

• • LYSI hf

• • Natures Aid Ltd

• • Nordic Naturals

• • Orkla ASA

• • Blueline Foods India Pvt Ltd.

• • WN Pharmaceuticals

• • Carlson Laboratories Inc.

Nordic Naturals - Estimated to hold over 20% of the global market share.

LYSI hf - Estimated to hold approximately 18% of the global market share.

Recent Developments by Manufacturers

In 2023, Nordic Naturals introduced a new line of organic flavored cod liver oil targeting health-conscious millennials. Similarly, LYSI hf expanded its production capacity in Iceland to meet growing global demand. In 2024, Barlean’s Organic Oils LLC launched an encapsulated cod liver oil product with added vitamin E for enhanced antioxidant benefits. Additionally, Carlson Laboratories Inc. introduced a sustainable product line certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). Manufacturers also strengthened their e-commerce presence, with online sales accounting for approximately 30% of total revenue. Strategic partnerships with health retailers further amplified their market presence.

NEW PRODUCTS Development

Product innovation is transforming the cod liver oil market as manufacturers introduce advanced formulations to cater to evolving consumer preferences. In 2023, Nordic Naturals launched a sugar-free gummy cod liver oil targeting children, addressing the challenge of making supplements appealing to younger demographics. These gummies are enriched with DHA and vitamin D, supporting brain and immune health. LYSI hf introduced a high-strength liquid cod liver oil with added turmeric for joint health, appealing to senior consumers.

In 2024, Natures Aid Ltd released a plant-based capsule encapsulating cod liver oil, catering to vegetarian and vegan consumers who seek omega-3 alternatives. Procter and Gamble Co. unveiled a powdered cod liver oil product aimed at functional food manufacturers, enabling easy integration into energy bars and meal replacements. The introduction of soft gel variants infused with flavors like lemon and mint further expands consumer options, addressing taste-related concerns.

Sustainability is another focus, with companies adopting eco-friendly packaging and traceable sourcing. Certifications like MSC have gained prominence, ensuring ethical and sustainable production practices. These innovations, combined with efforts to enhance product accessibility through e-commerce platforms, are driving growth and diversifying applications of cod liver oil across various demographics and industries.

Investment Analysis and Opportunities

The cod liver oil market offers significant investment opportunities, driven by the rising focus on preventive healthcare and sustainable sourcing. In 2023, global investments in omega-3 and vitamin supplements exceeded $2 billion, reflecting robust consumer demand. Governments worldwide, particularly in Europe and North America, are promoting the consumption of natural supplements to address widespread nutritional deficiencies, creating a favorable market environment.

Emerging markets like Asia-Pacific and Latin America present untapped potential. In India, government-led nutrition programs targeting rural populations emphasize the need for affordable supplements like cod liver oil. China’s expanding middle class and increasing awareness of preventive healthcare drive regional growth.

Innovations in product development, such as flavored gummies and vegan-friendly capsules, create opportunities for diversification. The growing adoption of cod liver oil in functional foods, beverages, and pet nutrition highlights its versatility and opens avenues for collaboration between supplement manufacturers and food industries.

Investors focusing on sustainability, such as traceable sourcing and eco-friendly production, align with consumer preferences for ethical products. Partnerships with e-commerce platforms further amplify market reach, ensuring accessibility across demographics. With advancements in encapsulation technologies and growing health awareness, the cod liver oil market presents long-term growth potential for manufacturers and investors alike.

REPORT COVERAGE of Cod Liver Oil Market

The cod liver oil market report provides an in-depth analysis of market dynamics, including drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. It explores segmentation by type (liquid, capsules, soft gels, powder) and application (online, supermarkets & hypermarkets, specialty stores, others), highlighting key trends and growth patterns. Regional insights cover North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa, focusing on consumer preferences, distribution networks, and government initiatives.

The report profiles leading companies, including Nordic Naturals, LYSI hf, and Barlean’s Organic Oils LLC, detailing their market strategies, product innovations, and recent developments. It emphasizes the growing demand for natural and organic supplements, sustainable sourcing practices, and innovative product formats like flavored gummies and vegan-friendly capsules.

Emerging trends such as the use of cod liver oil in functional foods, pet nutrition, and therapeutic applications are analyzed. The report also highlights investment opportunities, particularly in Asia-Pacific and Latin America, where awareness of nutritional deficiencies is increasing.

With actionable insights and comprehensive data, the report serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders, including manufacturers, investors, and policymakers, seeking to navigate the evolving landscape of the cod liver oil market.